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								PHP入門學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)教程
								  
							
          
							
           
								 
									
                  1、 PHP片段四種表示形式。
                  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)tags:<?php ?>
                  short tags:<? ?> 需要在php.ini中設(shè)置short _open_tag=on，默認(rèn)是on asp tags: <% %>需要在php.ini中設(shè)置asp_tags=on，默認(rèn)是off script tags:<script language=”php”></script>
                  2、 PHP變量及數(shù)據(jù)類型
                  1) $variable ，變量以字母、_開(kāi)始，不能有空格
                  2) 賦值$variable=value;
                  3) 弱類型，直接賦值，不需要顯示聲明數(shù)據(jù)類型
                  4) 基本數(shù)據(jù)類型:Integer，Double,String,Boolean,Object(對(duì)象或類),Array(數(shù)組)
                  5) 特殊數(shù)據(jù)類型:Resourse(對(duì)第三方資源(如數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))的引用)，Null(空，未初始化的變量)
                  3、 操作符
                  1) 賦值操作符:=
                  2) 算術(shù)操作符:+，-，*，/，%(取模)
                  3) 連接操作符:. ，無(wú)論操作數(shù)是什么，都當(dāng)成String，結(jié)果返回String 4) Combined Assignment Operators合計(jì)賦值操作符:+=，*=，/=，-=，%=，.= 5) Automatically Incrementing and Decrementing自動(dòng)增減操作符: (1)$variable+=1 <=>$variable++;$variable-=1 <=>$variable-,跟c語(yǔ)言一樣，先做其他操作，后++或-
                  (2)++$variable，-$variable，先++或-，再做其他操作
                  6) 比較操作符:= =(左邊等于右邊)，～=(左邊不等于右邊)，= = =(左邊等于右邊，且數(shù)據(jù)類型相同)，>=，>，<，<=
                  7) 邏輯操作符:|| ó or，&&óa(chǎn)nd，xor(當(dāng)左右兩邊有且只有一個(gè)是true，返回true)，!
                  4、 注釋:
                  單行注釋:// ，#
                  多行注釋:/* */
                  5、 每個(gè)語(yǔ)句以;號(hào)結(jié)尾，與java相同
                  6、 定義常量:define(“CONSTANS_NAME”,value)
                  7、 打印語(yǔ)句:print,與c語(yǔ)言相同
                  8、 流程控制語(yǔ)句
                  1) if語(yǔ)句:
                  (1)if(expression)
                  {
                  //code to excute if expression evaluates to true
                  }
                  (2)if(expression)
                  {
                  }
                  else
                  {
                  }
                  (3)if(expression1)
                  {
                  }
                  elseif(expression2)
                  {
                  }
                  else
                  {
                  }
                  2) swich語(yǔ)句
                  switch ( expression )
                  {
                  case result
                  // execute this if expression results in result1
                  break;
                  case result
                  // execute this if expression results in result2
                  break;
                  default:
                  // execute this if no break statement
                  // has been encountered hitherto }
                  3) ,操作符:
                  ( expression )?returned_if_expression_is_true:returned_if_expression_is_false;
                  4) while語(yǔ)句:
                  (1) while ( expression ) {
                  // do something }
                  (2)do
                  {
                  // code to be executed
                  } while ( expression ); 5) for語(yǔ)句:
                  for ( initialization expression; test expression; modification expression ) {
                  // code to be executed
                  }
                  6) break;continue
                  9、 編寫函數(shù)
                  1) 定義函數(shù):
                  function function_name($argument1,$argument2,??) //形參 {
                  //function code here;
                  }
                  2) 函數(shù)調(diào)用
                  function_name($argument1,$argument2,??); //形參 3) 動(dòng)態(tài)函數(shù)調(diào)用(Dynamic Function Calls): <h<head>
                  <title>Listing 6.5</title> </head>
                  <body>
                  <?php
                  function sayHello() { //定義函數(shù)sayHello print "hello<br>";
                  }
                  $function_holder = "sayHello"; //將函數(shù)名賦值給變量$function_holder
                  $function_holder(); //變量$function_holder成為函數(shù)sayHello的引用，調(diào)用
                  $function_holder()相當(dāng)于調(diào)用sayHello ?>
                  </body>
                  </html>
                  4) 變量作用域:
                  全局變量:
                  <html>
                  <head>
                  <title>Listing 6.8</title> </head>
                  <body>
                  <?php
                  $life=42;
                  function meaningOfLife() { global $life;
                  /*在此處重新聲明$life為全局變量，在函數(shù)內(nèi)部訪問(wèn)全局變量必須這樣，如果在函數(shù)內(nèi)改
                  變變量的值，將在所有代碼片段改變*/
                  print "The meaning of life is $life<br>";
                  }
                  meaningOfLife();
                  ?>
                  </body>
                  </html>
                  5) 使用static
                  <html>
                  <head>
                  <title>Listing 6.10</title> </head>
                  <body>
                  <?php
                  function numberedHeading( $txt ) {
                  static $num_of_calls = 0;
                  $num_of_calls++;
                  print "<h1>$num_of_calls. $txt</h1>"; }
                  numberedHeading("Widgets"); //第一次調(diào)用時(shí)，打印$num_of_calls值為1 print("We build a fine range of widgets<p>");
                  numberedHeading("Doodads"); /*第一次調(diào)用時(shí)，打印$num_of_calls值為2，因?yàn)樽兞渴?/p>
                  static型的，static型是常駐內(nèi)存的*/
                  print("Finest in the world<p>"); ?>
                  </body>
                  </html>
                  6) 傳值(value)和傳址(reference):
                  傳值:function function_name($argument) <html>
                  <head>
                  <title>Listing 6.13</title> </head>
                  <body>
                  <?php
                  function addFive( $num ) { $num += 5;
                  }
                  $orignum = 10;
                  addFive( &$orignum );
                  print( $orignum );
                  ?>
                  </body>
                  </html>
                  結(jié)果:10
                  傳址:funciton function_name(&$argument) <html>
                  <head>
                  <title>Listing 6.14</title> </head>
                  <body>
                  <?php
                  function addFive( &$num ) { $num += 5; /*傳遞過(guò)來(lái)的是變量$num的引用，因此改變形參$num的值就是真正改變變量
                  $orignum物理內(nèi)存中保存的值*/
                  }
                  $orignum = 10;
                  addFive( $orignum );
                  print( $orignum );
                  ?>
                  </body>
                  </html>
                  結(jié)果:15
                  7) 創(chuàng)建匿名函數(shù):create_function(‘string1’,’string2’); create_function是PHP內(nèi)建函數(shù)，專門用于創(chuàng)建匿名函數(shù)，接受兩個(gè)string型參數(shù)，第一個(gè)是參數(shù)列表，第
                  二個(gè)是函數(shù)的主體
                  <html>
                  <head>
                  <title>Listing 6.15</title>
                  </head>
                  <body>
                  <?php
                  $my_anon = create_function( '$a, $b', 'return $a+$b;' ); print $my_anon( 3, 9 );
                  // prints 12
                  ?>
                  </body>
                  </html>
                  8) 判斷函數(shù)是否存在:function_exists(function_name),參數(shù)為函數(shù)名
                  10、 用PHP連接MySQL
                  1) 連接:&conn=mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass"); 2) 關(guān)閉連接:mysql_close($conn);
                  3) 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)與連接建立聯(lián)系:mysql_select_db(database name, connection index); 4) 將SQL語(yǔ)句給MySQL執(zhí)行:$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn); //增刪改查都是這
                  句
                  5) 檢索數(shù)據(jù):返回記錄數(shù):$number_of_rows = mysql_num_rows($result); 將記錄放入數(shù)組:$newArray = mysql_fe 例子:
                  <?php
                  // open the connection
                  $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass");
                  // pick the database to use
                  mysql_select_db("testDB",$conn);
                  // create the SQL statement
                  $sql = "SELECT * FROM testTable";
                  // execute the SQL statement
                  $result = mysql_query($sql, $conn) or die(mysql_error());
                  //go through each row in the result set and display data
                  while ($newArray = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
                  // give a name to the fields
                  $id = $newArray['id'];
                  $testField = $newArray['testField'];
                  //echo the results onscreen
                  echo "The ID is $id and the text is $testField <br>";
                  }
                  ?>
                  11、 接受表單元素:$_POST[表單元素名]，
                  如<input type=text name=user>ó$_POST[user]
                  接受url中queryString中值(GET方式):$_GET[queryString]
                  12、轉(zhuǎn)向其他頁(yè)面:header("Location: "); 13、字符串操作:
                  1)explode(“-”,str)óJava中的splite
                  2)str_replace($str1,$str2,$str3) =>$str1要查找的字符串，$str2用來(lái)替換的字符串，
                  $str3從這個(gè)字符串開(kāi)始查找替換
                  3)substr_replace:
                  14、session:
                  1)打開(kāi)session:session_start(); //也可以在php.ini設(shè)置session_auto_start=1，不
                  必再每個(gè)script都寫這句，但是默認(rèn)為0，則必須要寫。
                  2)給session賦值:$_SESSION[session_variable_name]=$variable; 3)訪問(wèn)session:$variable =$_SESSION[session_variable_name]; 4)銷毀session:session_destroy();
                  15、顯示分類的完整例子:
                  <?php
                  //connect to database
                  $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass") or die(mysql_error());
                  mysql_select_db("testDB",$conn) or die(mysql_error()); $display_block = "<h1>My Categories</h1> <P>Select a category to see its items.</p>"; //show categories first
                  $get_cats = "select id, cat_title, cat_desc from store_categories order by cat_title";
                  $get_cats_res = mysql_query($get_cats) or die(mysql_error());
                  if (mysql_num_rows($get_cats_res) < 1) { //如果返回記錄行數(shù)小于1，則說(shuō)明沒(méi)有分類 $display_block = "<P><em>Sorry, no categories to browse.</em></p>";
                  } else {
                  while ($cats = mysql_fetch_array($get_cats_res)) { //將記錄放入變量$cats中
                  $cat_id = $cats[id];
                  $cat_title = strtoupper(stripslashes($cats[cat_title])); $cat_desc = stripslashes($cats[cat_desc]); $display_block .= "<p><strong><a
                  href="$_SERVER[PHP_SELF][U1] ?cat_id=$cat_id">$cat_title</a></strong>//點(diǎn)擊此url，刷新本頁(yè)，第28行讀取cat_id，顯示相應(yīng)分類的條目
                  <br>$cat_desc</p>";
                  if ($_GET[cat_id] == $cat_id) { //選擇一個(gè)分類，看下面的條目
                  //get items
                  $get_items = "select id, item_title, item_price from store_items where cat_id = $cat_id
                  order by item_title";
                  $get_items_res = mysql_query($get_items) or die(mysql_error());
                  if (mysql_num_rows($get_items_res) < 1) { $display_block = "<P><em>Sorry, no items in this category.</em></p>";
                  } els$display_block .= "<ul>";
                  while ($items = mysql_fetch_array($get_items_res)) {
                  $item_id = $items[id];
                  $item_title = stripslashes($items[item_title]); $item_price = $items[item_price]; $display_block .= "<li><a
                  href="showitem.php?item_id=$item_id">$item_title</a>
                  </strong> ($$item_price)";
                  [U2] }
                  $display_block .= "</ul>";
                  }
                  }
                  }
                  }
                  ?>
                  <HTML>
                  <HEAD>
                  <TITLE>My Categories</TITLE>
                  </HEAD>
                  <BODY>
                  <? print $display_block; ?>
                  </BODY>
                  </HTML>
                  16、PHP連接Access:
                  <?
                  $dbc=new com("adodb.connection"); $dbc->open("driver=microsoft access driver (*.mdb);dbq=c:member.mdb");
                  $rs=$dbc->execute("select * from tablename"); $i=0;
                  while (!$rs->eof){
                  $i+=1
                  $fld0=$rs->fields["UserName"];
                  $fld0=$rs->fields["Password"];
                  ....
                  echo "$fld0->value $fld1->value ...."; $rs->movenext();
                  }
                  $rs->close();
                  ?>
                   
                  
                                              
          
                                    
          
                                    
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